On the optimal therapeutic strategies in IMCAs. Due to the rarity of IMCAs, there are to date no large-scale clinical studies in this field, though there are few retrospective studies and case reports. This is also confounded by the fact that in PCD, removal of the cancer may influence the immunological process causing the cerebellar damage. Secondly, treatment-induced improvement has been evaluated more or less subjectively. Some authors used the term "improvement" loosely and the extent of the "improvement" could not be assessed from the provided description of the clinical course.?2015 Mitoma et al. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Mitoma et al. Cerebellum Ataxias (2015) 2:Page 2 ofTable 1 Representative autoantibodies to cerebellar antigens in immune-mediated cerebellar ataxiasAutoantibodies Anti-Yo Anti-Hu Anti-Tr Anti-CV2 Anti-Ri Anti-Ma2 Anti-VGCC (P/Q type) Anti-SOX1 Anti-ZIC4 PCA-2 Anti-Homer-3 Anti-CARP VIII Anti-PKC Anti-Ca/ARHGAP26 Anti-mGluR1 Anti-Sj/ITPR1 Anti-Nb/AP3B2 Anti-GluR2 Conditions (When autoantibodies are associated Localization with neoplasms, frequency of PCD is indicated.) PCD (53 ), Breast, Uterus, Ovaries PCD (15 ), SCLC PCD (5 ), Hodgkin's disease PCD (4 ), SCLC, thymoma PubMed ID:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6833145 PCD (2 ), Breast PCD (2 ), Testicle, Lung PCD (2 ), SCLC PCD (), SCLC PCD (), SCLC PCD (), SCLCaMainly Purkinje cells and few other neurons in the molecular layer All neuronal nuclei and cytolpasm Purkinje cells cytoplasm and dendrites, Oligodendrocytes All neuronal nuclei Nucleoli Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer Bergman glial cell nuclei Neuronal nuclei Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer Medusa Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layer Purkinje cells, cytoplasm, dendrites and dot-staining of the molecular layeraaaa b bPara/post infectiousAnti-transglutaminase 2, Lenalidomide 6 Gluten ataxia Anti-GAD65 GAD Abs-CA or PCD () GABAergic neuronsFrequency among PCDs was evaluated based on our consensus paper [1]. PCD () indicates low frequency. The localization was based on the review by Jarius and Wildemann [8]. SCLC small cell lung carcinoma, Medusa Immunohistochemistry shows `Medusa head' pattern in some patients. a Association of neoplasms was reported only in 1? patients. bConditions that trigger production of Abs are unknown.Although other authors quantified the effects of treatment using the International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS), small increases in the score did not necessarily correlate.